In a buffered solution, which component typically neutralizes added acids?

In a buffered solution, the component that typically neutralizes added acids is the conjugate base. When an acid is added to a buffered solution, the conjugate base reacts with the H⁺ ions introduced by the acid. This reaction helps to minimize changes in the pH of the solution by converting the added H⁺ ions into a weak acid. This system allows the buffer to maintain its pH within a relatively narrow range despite the addition of acids (or bases).

The weak acid present in the buffer does play an important role in neutralizing added bases, but it is primarily the conjugate base that responds to the addition of acids. Therefore, when considering the function of the components of a buffer in the context of acid neutralization, the conjugate base is the active agent in counteracting the effects of the added acid, maintaining the overall stability of the solution's pH.