What does electrolysis involve in aqueous solutions?

Electrolysis in aqueous solutions involves the application of an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. In this process, the electric current facilitates the movement of ions within the solution, allowing for reactions to occur at the electrodes that would not happen without the input of electrical energy.

Specifically, during electrolysis, water can undergo dissociation into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, and these ions can migrate towards the electrodes where they either gain or lose electrons. This process results in the formation of different products, such as hydrogen gas at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode, depending on the nature of the ions in the solution and the setup of the electrolysis apparatus.

Understanding the principles of electrolysis is crucial in various applications, including electroplating, purification of metals, and generation of gases from water. This concept contrasts with spontaneous reactions, which occur naturally without the need for additional energy input, highlighting the unique role of an electric current in driving electrochemical processes.